TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4) is a small protein made up of 43 amino acids. In studies with animals, it has been found to help grow new blood vessels, heal wounds faster, lower inflammation, and protect the heart and brain from damage caused by stress. It plays an important role in protecting the body, repairing tissues, and helping damaged areas heal and rebuild. Researchers are also exploring its potential benefits in slowing down the aging process.  

What Is TB-500?

TB-500 is a lab-made version of a natural protein called thymosin beta-4 (TB-4), which is found in almost all animal cells. It has 43 amino acids and is known for helping with cell movement, healing wounds, and supporting a protein called actin, which is important for cell structure. Studies on animals and in labs have shown that TB-500 can help grow new blood vessels, speed up healing, reduce swelling, and support the production of materials that hold cells together. Researchers are also exploring its potential to lower damage from oxidative stress in spinal cord injuries, help recovery after heart attacks, and provide anti-aging benefits.  

TB-500 Mechanism of Action

TB-500 is a part of TB-4 that plays an important role in working with actin, a protein that is essential for cell structure. Actin forms microfilaments, which are like tiny threads that help cells keep their shape, protect their outer layer, move around, and even divide. Actin is also a key part of muscle proteins, and without it, muscles wouldn’t be able to contract. Proteins like TB-4 help by holding onto actin’s building blocks (called monomers), keeping them safe from breaking down and ready to form microfilaments whenever the cell needs them.    

TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4) Peptide Sequence

Sequence:

Ac-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro-Asp-Met-Ala-Glu-Ile-Glu-Lys-Phe-Asp-Lys-Ser-Lys-Leu-Lys-Lys-Thr-Glu-Thr-Gln-Glu-Lys-Asn-Pro-Leu-Pro-Ser-Lys-Glu-Thr-Ile-Glu-Gln-Glu-Lys-Gln-Ala-Gly-Glu-Ser Molecular formula :C212H350N56O78S Molar Mass: 4963.4408 CAS number: 77591-33-4 PubChem: CID 16132341

TB-500 Research

1. TB-500 and Neurologic Function

Studies in rats show that TB-500 helps repair and rebuild nerve tissues in both the brain and the rest of the body after an injury. While scientists are still figuring out exactly how it works, the research suggests that TB-500 activates special cells called oligodendrocytes. These cells play a key role in keeping nerve cells (neurons) healthy and functioning properly. By boosting the activity of these supportive cells, TB-500 helps damaged brain areas grow new blood vessels and nerve cells. This has been shown in lab studies to lead to big improvements in behavior, movement control, and thinking abilities. Recent studies also reveal that TB-500 can lower oxidative stress after a spinal cord injury. It also helps transplanted neural stem cells survive longer, giving them more time to support spinal cord repair and regeneration. These discoveries suggest that TB-500 and similar compounds could be very helpful in treating serious spinal cord injuries. TB-500 might even provide new ways to help paralyzed individuals regain movement and function in affected parts of their bodies.    

2. TB-500 and Blood Vessel Growth

TB-500 and TB-4 are powerful in boosting VEGF, a molecule that helps grow tiny blood vessels called capillaries. These capillaries are essential for things like healing wounds and even growing hair. However, scientists believe TB-500 does more than just this. It likely plays a role in several steps of blood vessel growth, such as reshaping the material around cells, forming new blood vessels, and turning basic tissue into the specialized lining of blood vessels. This idea is supported by research showing that without TB-4, blood vessel growth and stability are disrupted, while adding TB-4 helps form capillaries and recruit cells that support blood vessels after an injury.  

3. TB-500 and Hair Growth

The discovery that TB-500 helps with hair growth was actually an accident. Scientists noticed that mice lacking TB-4 grew their hair back much slower after being shaved compared to normal mice. When they studied mice that were genetically modified to produce more TB-4, they found that these mice grew their hair back much faster. Under a microscope, these mice also had more hair shafts and clusters of hair follicles.  

4. TB-500 and Antibiotic Synergy

The rise of drug-resistant infections is making many treatments less effective, and with few new antibiotics being developed, this is a growing concern. However, a recent study offers some hope with TB-4. Researchers found that combining TB-4 with ciprofloxacin, a common antibiotic, made the antibiotic work better in treating eye infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice. This combination improved healing, reduced inflammation, and sped up recovery. After just five days of treatment, there were fewer bacteria, lower levels of inflammation (measured by a drop in white blood cells called neutrophils), and reduced harmful reactive oxygen species in the infected eyes. This study is the first to show that TB-500 and similar peptides could enhance the effectiveness of antibiotics.    

5. TB-500 and Cardiovascular Health

Over 20 years of research has shown that TB-4 and its related compounds have many benefits for the heart and kidneys, though scientists are still figuring out exactly how it works. It seems to help in several ways. TB-500 supports the growth of new blood vessels, which can prevent problems and help recovery after disease. It also helps heart cells survive and move to where they’re needed after a heart attack. Additionally, TB-500 works with other natural molecules to lower inflammation and reduce scar tissue. Recent studies using hydrogels made with collagen and TB-4 show that the peptide helps grow new blood vessels and encourages heart cells to move and repair damage. This speeds up recovery after reduced blood flow (ischemia) and helps prevent long-term issues by reducing scarring.  

6. TB-500 and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Finding treatments for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and prion disease has been very slow. However, a recent study found that TB-4 can help the immune system deal with harmful prion proteins by boosting a process called autophagy. Autophagy is the brain’s natural way of protecting itself from these diseases. TB-4’s ability to strengthen this defense is an important step forward in developing real treatments for these challenging conditions.  

7. TB-500 Has Wide Application

Finding treatments for brain diseases like Alzheimer’s and prion disease has been very slow. But a recent study found that TB-4 can help the immune system fight harmful prion proteins by improving a process called autophagy. Autophagy is the brain’s natural way of protecting itself from damage. By boosting this process, TB-4 offers hope as a step toward real treatments for these difficult diseases.   References TB-500 / Thymosin β4

• Cheng, F. Kuang, H. Zhang, G. Ju & J. Wang, “Beneficial effects of thymosin β4 on spinal cord injury in the rat,” Neuropharmacology, vol. 85, pp. 408–416 (2014).
• Chopp & Z. G. Zhang, “Thymosin β4 as a restorative/regenerative therapy for neurological injury and neurodegenerative diseases,” Expert Opin. Biol. Ther., 15 Suppl 1, S9-12 (2015).
• Li, Y. Wang, X. Hu, B. Ma & H. Zhang, “Thymosin beta 4 attenuates oxidative stress-induced injury of spinal cord-derived neural stem/progenitor cells through the TLR4/MyD88 pathway,” Gene, vol. 707, pp. 136–142 (2019).
• N. Dubé & N. Smart, “Thymosin β4 and the vasculature: multiple roles in development, repair and protection against disease,” Expert Opin. Biol. Ther., vol. 18, no. sup1, pp. 131–139 (2018).
• Philp, S. St-Surin, H.-J. Cha, H.-S. Moon, H. K. Kleinman & M. Elkin, “Thymosin β4 induces hair growth via stem cell migration and differentiation,” Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 1112, pp. 95–103 (2007).
• W. Carion et al., “Thymosin Beta-4 and Ciprofloxacin Adjunctive Therapy Improves Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Keratitis,” Cells, vol. 7, no. 10 (2018).
• M. Kassem, S. Vaid, H. Peng, S. Sarkar & N.-E. Rhaleb, “Tβ4-Ac-SDKP pathway: Any relevance for the cardiovascular system?”, Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. (2019).
• D. Shaghiera, P. Widiyanti & H. Yusuf, “Synthesis and Characterization of Injectable Hydrogels with Varying Collagen–Chitosan–Thymosin β4 Composition for Myocardial Infarction Therapy,” J. Funct. Biomater., vol. 9, no. 2 (2018).
• H.-J. Han, S. Kim & J. Kwon, “Thymosin beta 4-Induced Autophagy Increases Cholinergic Signaling in PrP (106-126)-Treated HT22 Cells,” Neurotox. Res. (Dec. 2018).
• Ran Song & Hyun Choi et al., “Association between serum thymosin β4 levels of rheumatoid arthritis patients and disease activity and response to therapy,” Clinical Rheumatology, 31, 1253–1258 (2012).
• D. Philp et al., “Thymosin β4 Promotes Angiogenesis, Wound Healing, and Hair Follicle Development,” Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, vol. 125, no. 2, pp. 113–115 (2004).

3000mcg/ml subcutaneous injection provided in a 5ml vial.

“Differential expression of the human thymosin-beta 4 gene in lymphocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes.
A cDNA clone encoding human thymosin-beta 4 was blot analyses of different neoplastic B lymphocytes revealed isolated from a cDNA library prepared from peripheral that steady state levels of thymosin-beta 4 mRNA varid as a blood leukocytes of a patient with acute lymphocytic function of differentiation stage. Thymosin-beta 4 mRNA leukemia. This clone contained the entire coding sequence levels were decreased in myeloma cells as are class II of 43 amino acid residues of thymosin-beta 4 and had an human leukocyte antigen, Fc receptor, and complement initiation codon and two termination codons. The amino receptor, suggesting a relationship between thymosin-beta acid and nucleotide sequences in the coding region were 4 and the immune response. Thymosin-beta 4 mRNA well conserved between rat and human. Nine of 132 was more highly expressed in mature granulocytes than in nucleotides were different in the coding sequences (93% immature blastic cells. Treatment of THP-1 cells, a human homology), but the deduced amino acid sequences were monocytic cell line, with recombinant human interferonidentical.
No signal peptide was found in the deduced lambda reduced the levels of thymosin-beta 4 mRNA. Its protein sequence. Human thymosin-beta 4 mRNA, level decreased after differentiation of THP-1 cells into la+ approximately 830 nucleotides in length, was about 30 macrophages, but increased after differentiation of HL-60 nucleotides larger than rat thymosin-beta 4 mRNA. cells into la- macrophages. The pattern of thymosin-beta Expression of the human thymosin-beta 4 gene in various 4 gene expression suggests that it may play a fundamental primary myeloid and lymphoid malignant cells and in a role in the host defense mechanism. few human hemopoietic cell lines was studied. Northern H Gondo, J Kudo, J W White, C Barr, P Selvanayagam, G F Saunders The Journal of Immunology December 1, 1987, 139 (11) 3840-3848;”